Note that citations #1 and #2 could have citations of other sources in between them and still look exactly the same, but citations #3 and #4 must follow citation #2, because otherwise, your reader will not know what source you mean when they see 'ibid.' The fourth citation shows that you are citing the same book, but different page numbers. The third citation shows that you are citing the same book and the same page number. The second citation is the second time you have cited the book. The first citation is the first time you have cited the book in your paper. Watson, Feminist Theology (Grand Rapids, MI: W. Here is how your footnotes should look:ġ Natalie K. Let's say you are citing the same book four times in a row in your paper. If the page number has changed for this citation, you should include the new page number after 'ibid.' If the page number is the same, just the abbreviation is enough. You may use 'ibid.' in a footnote when the source you're citing is the same as the footnote right before it, and thus avoid writing out the citation information again.

The abbreviation 'ibid.' stands for the Latin word ibidem, which means 'in the same place.'

Turabian footnotes